Crank mechanism



Feb. 25, 193 0. J DAWSON I 1,748,443

CRANK MECHANISM Filed May 9, 1927 5' 12Sheets-Sheet 1 A\ {5 "f /5 11 iW/////// N I Feb. 25, 1930 J DAWSQN 1,748,443

CRANK MECHANI su' Filed May 9. 192'! 12 She ts-Sheet 2 Fileduay 9. 192712 Sheets-Sheet 3 AWE/wrap J'O/l/Y pnwsow BY mfl ATT'KS.

Feb. 25, 1930. J DAWSON 1,748,443

CRANK MECHANISM Filed May 9. 192'! I 12 Sheets-Sheet 4 ITT'KS.

Feb. 25, 1930. J. DAWSON 1,748,443

' cm nx uricmmlsu I Filed lay 9. 1927 I 12 Sheets-Slieet 5 I In I K 1 Immum Feb. 25, 1930. J. DAWSON 7 1,743,443

CRANK MECHANISI Filed May 9, 1927 12 Sheets-Sheet 6 i6 V v JOHN mwsofi-J-E- I Fl =1 m J. DAWSON Feb. 25, 1930.

CRANK MECHANISM Filed May 9. 1927' 12 Sheets-Sheet 7 Feb; 25,1930. -J.DAWSON CRANK MECHANISM Filed May 9, 1927 1,2 Sheets-Sheet 8 I l I llFeb. 25, 1930. DAWSON v 7 1,748,443 v CRANK MECHANISM Filed May 9. 1927'12 Sheets-Sheet 9 Feb. 25, 1930. DA S N 1,748,443

- CRANK MECHANISM File d May '9, 1927 12 She ets-Sheet l0 Feb. 25, 1930.J. DAWSON 1,748,443

CRANK MECHANISM Filed May 9,1927 12 spg ts-sh et 11 I! {Gm/ll MI Feb.25,1930. DAWSON 1,748,443 CRANK MECHANIS Filed May 9, 1927 1.2Sheets-Sheet 12 luwswroe.

9W a-w minted Feb. 25, 1930' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JOHN Dawson, oranaemia. ou'rmo, cma'nalssmnoa r Dawson ancnnoca'rnm 0mm: acrroxsmm'rma, or ronom'o, cnuna CRANK MECHANISM:

Application fled lay s, 1927. Serial at. 190,012.

This invention relates to improvements in crank mechanisms whereby adriving medi-- um or shaft in the course of one revolution is adapted toimpart aplurality of reciprocat- 'ing movements to an operating mediumor gle revolution of the drive shaft.

like characters of reference indicate corre-- Referring now to thedrawingsin which Figure 2 is a section on the line -2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 isa section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2. 1

Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Figure 3.

Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 illustrate the driving plates in a series ofmovements which constitute one quarterrevolution of the plates and onefull stroke of. the connecting rod,

' the positions of the plates are shown at 0,

30, and respectively, the arrows indicating the direction of rotation.

Figure 9 is an elevation in section illustrating my improved mechanismas applied to a pump.

Figure 10 is a sectional plan of a form ofthird trammelled drivingplate'with double connecting rods whereby alternating reciprocaloperation of the connecting rods is o tained.

Figure 11 is 'a modified form provided with a secondary trammel and inwhich a corresponding form is placed at right angles permitting the useof a plurality of contacts or rollers.

Figure 12-is a section on theline' 12-12 of Figure 11.

Figure 13 is a plan view of a modified form of my mvention showing amultiplicity of connecting rods in enga ement with the continuous multile curve grooves in each of the driving p ates.

Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a perspective detail of one of I the connecting rodsshowing the structure thereof which enables one member to overlapanother though opposed in operation.

Figure 16 is a side elevation of a further modified form showing asingle driving plate with curved endless guideways on opposite 'sides ofthe surface thereof, each of which q is arranged at right angles to theother and a connecting rod centrally and longitudinally enlarged andslotted so as to straddle the plate and provided on each of the sideswith pairs of contacts to simultaneously engage u wlith the guideways onboth surfaces of the p ate. 7

Figure 17 is a plan view of Figure 16. F Figure 18 is a section on theline 18-18 of i re 16.

. n igure 19 is a further modified form of connecting rod;

Figure 20 is a sectionalplan of a further modified form, showing gearedchannels at the periphery of the driving members.

Figure 21 is a section on the line 21-21 of Fi ure 20. a Y

igure 22 "is a plan view illustrating peripherally toothed drivingmember with a single drive gear. Figure 23 is a section on the line23-23 of Figure 22. 1

Figure 24 is a plan view illustrating a plurality of drive gears for theperipherally toothed driving member.

- Figure 25 is a section on the line 25-25 of Figure 24. a

Figure 26 is a sectional plan illustrating. a modification of thetrammel construction.

Figure 27 is a section on the line 27-27 of 98 ,Figure 26.

Figure 28 is an elevation similar to Figure 27 indicating a singledriving member.

Figure 29 1s a section on-the line 29-29 of Figure" 28.

I Figure 14 isa section on the line 14-14 of Figure 30 is a sectionalplan illustrating a single driving member provided with trammels on bothsurfaces, each trammel being at ri ht angles to the other.

igure 31 1s a view similar to Figure 27,.

' drive shaft on which are rigidly mounted in any well known manner andin spaced relationship to one another driving plates 11 and 12 formed ontheir inner faces with substantiallysemi elliptical continuous guideways13 and 14, the plates being so arranged that these guideways are, asillustrated 'in Figure 2, opposite and at right angles to one another.Extending between the plates or discs 11 and 12 is a connecting rod 15centrally U-shaped at 16 to clear the drive shaft and provided withrigidly mounted roller engaging members 17 and 18 one protruding on eachside and longitudinally spaced to simultaneously engage with theopposing trammels in each of the plates 11 and 12.

It will thus be seen that the features of the mechanism in the examplenow disclosed are the combination with the shaft 10 of spaced drivingplates 11 and 1-2 rigidly keyed thereon, said plates having on theirinner opposing surfaces endless grooves or guideways 13 and 14 opposedto and at substantially right angles to one another so that when one ofthe grooves or guideways is normally vertical the opposing-guideway ishorizontal.

As previously stated a connecting rodfi passes between the plates andhas fixedigy 20, 21 and 22 are formed on the opposing mounted thereon,at spacedintervals ongop posite sides, engaging membersfo lcontacts,such as rollers or the like, 17 anjdl-S adapted to simultaneously engagewith the aforementioned guideways in each of the plates 11 and 12 sothat when the drive shaft 10 is operated, (see Figure 5), the guideway14 on the plate or disc 12 is in a horizontal position with theconnecting rod contact 18 engaging therewith at the outer extremitythereof while the the connecting rod engages the guideway opposedcontact or engaging member. 17 on .tent of the positionof the engagingmembers will be as disclosed in Figure 6,-in which the trammel or;guideway 14 is movedlfrom a horizontal position to' a slanting positionwith relationshi a consequent change in the position of the a connectingrod contact 18 while the guideway or trammel 13 will also be moved,,as

right angled o posing positionv of the guidewa s remains t e same.-

eferring now to the Figure 7, after have been travelled in the rotationof the drive shaft 10 the position of the trammels or guideways 13 and14 will be further changed, while coming to the position illus trated inFigure 8.after'90 in the revolution of the drive shaft have beenaccomplished, it will be noted that the driving plates 11 and 12 are insubstantially the opposite right angled position to that which theyoccupied before the shaft 10 was rotated, the guideway 14.being nowvertical in the plate 12 and the guidewayv or trammel 13 in the plate 11being horizontal while the position of the connecting rod contact 18from the extremity of the guideway 13 will be in engagement with theguideway substantially midway thereof and the extremity of the guideway14 will be in enga ement with the engaging member 17. In ot er wordswith a quarter revolution of the drive shaft 10 the position of thetrammels will be completely reversed and during the reversal one evenmovement will have been imparted to-the connecting rod 15. It will,therefore, be readily understood that, on the drive shaft 10 making acomplete revolution, four reciprocating movements will be automaticallyimparted to the connecting rod 15.

Another feature of my invention is the arrangement of the two drivingplates 11 and 12 in pairs, the endless guideways on the faces of eachbeing at right angles to each other and facing one another.

g In the modified form as disclosed in Fig- {fares 11 and 12, aplurality of guideways 19,

faces of the plates 23 and 24 at right ,angles to one another to engagesimultaneously with pairs of contacts on the connecting rod 15.

In Figure 10 is disclosed a third or central plate 12" rigidly mountedon the drive shaft 10 between the plates 11 and 12 and in spacedthereto. This third plate is trammelle on both sides to engage with thecontacts of two connecting rods and whereby in operation an alternatingreciprocal movement of the rods'is obtainedl InFigure 9 the example ofmy mechanism is shown as applied to a pump, the pistons 26 and 27 ofwhich are attachedito the connecting rod .15 with the result thatinoperation two reciprocating movements are imparted :to each of thepump pistons during a single rotation of the shaft 10.

With further reference to" Figure 10, in

which a multiplicity of discs or drive plates 11 and 12 are disclosedfor operating a pair "of connecting rods, the discs can be so arrangedas to cause the rods to move in the same direction at the same time orthey can be,- as it were, arranged in staggered relatlonship to oneanother to cause the rods to move in opposite directions, so that whenone connecting rod begins its strokeor reaches the limitof its stroketheother connecting rod will have travelled to any intermediate part.

It will be noted from the foregoing, hat, in contrast with presentmechanisms in which the driven member has an arcuate reciprocatingmovement, the driven member with my construction has a plurality ofreciprocating movements in an even plane and further that, in theengagement of the driven member with the driving medium, when onecontact has reached the outer extremity of its travel outwardly theother contact will be at substantially the centre or inward extremity ofits travel. In other words, while one contact is in engagement with thedriving medium at a distance from the central source of power, the othercontact, simultaneously engaging with the other driving medium, will beclose up to or at substantially the centre of the source of could notpossibly be provided with existing power. In this-way loss of power isobviated and a balanced distribution maintained that constructions.

The driving member and discs with a fixed centre, for example, isconsidered the source of imparting power or force, while the movablecentre is considered the contact or contacts which during operation movesimul- -taneously away from and toward the fixed centre in substantiallyan elliptical path of travel. This movement is caused by the movablepath or trammel. It will, therefore, be seen from the foregoing that amaximum force is imparted to the axially disposed movable contact whichwill respond to a minimum force, while the peripheral contact willrequire a medium amount of force. As power is applied to the movablecentre a change simultaneously takes place in the position ofthe movablepath of travel with respect to the movable centre. Therefore, at eachslight movement imparted the minimum force is increased andthe maximumforce is decreased, all of which will not only balance the distributionbut increase the force imparted,;the force referred to not having beenplane. From the illustration shown in F igure 15 it will be seen thateach rod is partiall recessed, as indicated at 32, to ermit over a 1 ingof the connectin rods w ere a multip icity of themv are use In thisparticular instance the contact arms are extended so as to overcome thedifference in space caused by the added rods. It should also be notedhere that although a plurality of rods are adapted to the invention, thecontacts operating the rods are operated by the two trammels asdisclosed.

The modified form, as just described, would be particularly adaptablewhen driving air compressors or like devices, a pair of circular plates,as heretofore mentioned, being keyed in spaced relationship to oneanother onthe driving shaft 10 and having on their opposing innersurfaces an endless curved guideway arranged at substantially rightangles to one another.

In the further modified form of my invention as disclosed in Figures 16,'17, and 18, the essential feature is the use of a single driving plate33. The connecting rod 34, as illustrated, is centrally enlargeduas at.35. and slotted longitudinally of the enlarged portion, as at 36, so asto straddle a single driving member. The faces of the driving member areformed with non-intersecting arc-shaped continuous guideways 37 and 38arranged at right angles to one another.

It will thus be seen that the slotted connecting rod, being provided inthe slotted portion with contact members'39 and 40 on opposite sidesthereof, will simultaneously engage with the 'uideways 37 and 38 on bothsurfaces of the p ate, thus enabling one driving plate to efficientlyperform the functions of two separate driving plates.

Figure 19 illustrates a modified form of connecting rod centrallyslotted at 41 to straddle the drive shaft 10.

In Figures 20 and 21a modified form of the invention is disclosed inwhich the driving members 11 and 12 are provided with endless grooves ortrammels therein arranged at right angles to one another as previouslydescribed. The driving members are mounted on an idle spindle 42supported in suitable bearings 43 and have extending therebetween aconnecting rod 15 provided on opposite sides and at spaced intervalswith contacts or engaging members 17 and 18 to engage simultaneouslywith the endless grooves on each of the disc's.

Instead of providing a shaft 10 to rotate the driving members, asheretofore disclosed, I provide the driving members with an integrallyformed peripheral channel 45,.the inner periphery of which is toothed asindicated at 46 and is adapted to be engaged by gears 47 and 48 keyed tothe shafts 49 and 50, so that when the latter is rotated the gearsdifferent construction for drivin'g the intermember to impart, duringone revolution of the former, a multiplicity of reclprocal revvolutionsto the latter automatically.

Inv Figures 22 and 23 the outer periphery of both driving members istoothed as at 51 to engage with a. gear 52 keyed on a shaft 53,

by which means power is applied to rotate the driving members 11 and 12.

Figures 24 and 25 show the outer periph- 4 cry of the driving memberstoothedas at 54 and instead of a'single rotatable shaft having a gearthereon, a plurality of shafts 55 are employed, each of which isprovided with a pai'r'of flanged gears 56 adapted to engage with thetoothed peripheries of both driving members simultaneously. Furthermore,the idle spindle 42,'shown in Figure/20, is dispensed with and themembers 11 and 12 as a whole are supported and driven by the gears 56carried by the shafts 55. i

In themodified form of the invention as illustrated in Figures 26 and27, the discs or circular plates 11 and 12 are trammelledwn theirinneropposing faces to provide-endless guideways 57 in the form of threesubstantially radially extending loops 58, 59 and the periphery 61 ofthetrammelledl plates 11 60 with their outer extremities merging on and12 and their inner restricted portions converging to the centre of theplate-nor disc.

adjacent the rotatable drive shaft 10. v The driven member or connectingrod 15,

' as previously described, is U-shaped asindicated at'16 to clear thedriveshaft and is provided in spaced relationship to one another with apair of contacts or roller members 62 and 63 with a view to eliminatingfriction and designed to travel, as indicated in Figure 26, in thecontinuous or endless grooves or guideways 58, 59 and whereby, on thedrive shaft being rotated and the discs or plates thereon revolved, amultiplicity of reciprocating movements will be imparted to theconnecting rod or member 15' in :the course of one revolution oftheshaft 10.

It should be noted that the trammels of the plates 11 and12, whichformthe driving means, register with one another, while those of thepreferred form arepositioned at right "an les to one another.

n the modifiedform as illustrated in Fi endless tra'mmel 65-on onesurface thereo The rollers 66, as indicatedin Figure 29, by reason oftheir'sub- Figu res 28 and 29 a'single plate '64 is pro-' "vi ed havinga single neously imparted to eachof the driven mein bers or'connectingrods 71 and 72.

In Figure 31 is disclosed a. single driving member 73 with doubletrammels 74 and 75', otherwise similar in form tothe tramme'ls orendless grooves disclosed in Figures 27-and 28, the connecting rod beingprovided with pairs of engaging members 76 and 77 to simulltaneouslyengage with the double tramme s. v

In the exam le as illustrated in Figures 32, 33 and 34, the rive shaftis designated by the numeral 10 and the driven pitman" or connecting rodby the numeral 15. The drive shaft has keyed thereon in spacedrelation-.

ship to one another a pair of trammelled driving plates 78 and 79 formedon their opposing surfaces with separate substantially semicirculargrooves or guideways 80, and 81. The connecting rod or pitman 15 isU-shaped as at 16 to clear the crank or drive shaft 10 and is providedwith spaced contact mem-' bers 82 and 83 on opposite sides thereof, the

contacts on one side being designed to simul:

taneously engage, as illustrated in Figure 33,

with the separate semi circular grooves 80 and 81 in the plate 78. andwith the separate semi-circular grooves in the plate 79. In Figure 33 isshown in dotted lines the movement imparted to the drivingmembers anddiscs-through the handle or. operating momber82 whic is rigidlyconnected thereto and which on being moved. from right to left causesthe plates to travel as indicated 10 on which they are keyed to-performa partial revolution, so that a reciprocating by the dotted lines andwith them theshaft movement is thus'im arted to the connecting rod andthe princip e of equal distribution of force is increased through theleverage excontact. Thus wehave a greater leverage of.

force with an equal distribution.

' While in Figures 32, 33 and 34 an example of my invention using twoplates, with trammels approaching but not cutting the axis,

is shown, it will be understood,-in accordance with all recognizedprocedure, that a single plate can be used aswell as'a fplurality ofplates; also that. a plurality 0 connecting rods' can be used, andfurther that where a single plate is used with the trammel-cutting theaxis, a straight connecting rod can be used instead of the U-shapedrods.

As shown in Figures20 to 25, a variation of speed and force is impartedby suitably shaped peripherally geared plates. Furthermore, thetrammelled forms may be staggered in relationship to an elliptical desin of plate. In other words, they may not e at right angles to theplates,thereby producing, at any portion of the stroke of the connectingrod, a given speed or ratio of force, and, as previously mentioned asingle, pair or plurality of plates may be used with the same trammelledforms and general characteristics of all modifications without departingfrom the spirit or scope of the invention as claimed. a p

The apparatus and modifications thereof, as hereinbefore described,relate to improvements in the means disclosed in my previously filedUnited States application No. 120,7 82, filed July 6th, 1926, formaking'useful my discovery in conceiving the art of imparting to one ormore driven members, as therein described, several reciprocatingmovements by a single revolution of a driving member.

As many changes could be made in the above construction, and manyapparently widely different embodiments of my invention, within thescope of the claims, constructed without departin from the spirit orscope thereof, it is, inten ed that all matter contained in theaccompanying specifications and drawings shall be interpreted asillustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. An apparatus for imparting reciprocal movements to one or moremembers by a sin- 4 gle revolution of a rotatable member, comprisingrotatably mounted spaced discs, a continuous guideway on one discleading inwardly towards and outwardly from the axis thereof in ahorizontal plane, a similar guideway similarly arranged on the opposingdisc 66 formed in t but in a vertlcal plane, a connectmg rod providedwith'a pair of fixed contacts simultaneously engaging with the guidewayson both of said discs, whereby on the rotation of the discs one contactmoves outwardly from the axis and the other contact moves inwardly tothe axis. a

2. An apparatus for imparting reciprocal movements to one or moremembers by a single revolution of a rotatable member, comprisin spaceddiscs rotatabl mounted and forme with a continuous gu' eway or groovecurving inwardly from adjacent the perimeter towards the axis, thecontinuous ve on each disc being at substantially rig t angles to thecontinuous groove or guideway on the opposing disc.

bers and comprising a plurality of substantlally arc-shaped groovescurving inwardly from adjacent the perimeter towards the axis, arrangedin staggered relationship to one another, and spaced contacts on thedriven medium adapted to simultaneously engage with the outer extremityof the guideway in one member and the inner extremity of the guideway inthe opposing member.

4. In an internal combustion engine of the character described, arevolvably mounted shaft having two elongated cams fixed thereon atright angles to one another, two reciprocable elements active on the twocam faces on opposite sides of the shaft, means for reciprocating thesame and a linkdirectly interconnecting the two elements.

5. In an internal combustion engine of the character described, arevolvably mounted shaft having two elongated cams fixed thereon atright angles to one another, two reciprocable elements active on the twocam faces on opposite sides of the shaft, means for reciprocating thesame, means for directionally guiding the two elements and a linkdirectly interconnecting the same.

6. In an internal combustion engine of the character described, arevolvably mounted shaft having two elongated cams fixed thereon atright angles to one another, two reciprocable elements active on the twocam faces on opposite sides of the shaft, means for reciprocating thesame, a link directly interconnectin the two elements and made tostraddle t e shaft.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand. JOHN DAWSON.

3. An; apparatus for imparting reciprocal movements to one or moredriven members by a single revolution of a driving member, comprising adrive shaft, spaced plates keyed thereon and adapted to receivetherebetween a connecting rod, a continuous guideway e opposing faces ofsaid mem-

